Colonialism

2- Look for information about (a few words and lot of images please):

Bismarck

Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg ( April 1, 1815 –July 30,1898) was a very well known aristocrat and statesman of the 19^th century in Europe. As Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1890, he was mainly responsible for unifying the many independent German countries and founding the German Empire in 1871. He became the first chancellor of the new Empire.

Bismarck was very conservative and he was strongly connected to the monarchy. He was not a big supporter of democracy. His most important goal was to make Prussia stronger and he achieved that through the unification of Germany. Bismarck tried to stop the socialist movement and to reduce the power of the Catholic Church. One way to stop socialism was to make the working class happy. He did that by introducing many social reforms like public health and accident insurance, as well as pensions for old people.

Livingston-Stanley.

David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in Africa. His meeting with H.M Stanley gave rise to the popular quotation, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”.

His fame as an explorer helped drive forward the obsession with discovering the sources of the River Nile that formed the culmination of the classic period of European geographical discovery and colonial penetration of the African continent. At the same time his missionary travels, "disappearance" and death in Africa, and subsequent glorification as posthumous national hero in 1874 led to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European "Scramble for Africa”.

Suez Canal.

The Suez Canal is a canal in Egypt. It lies west of the Sinai Peninsula. The canal is 163 km long (101 miles) and, at its narrowest point, 300 m wide (984 ft). It runs between Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez on the Red Sea. It was built by a French company. The canal was started in 1858 and finished in 1869.

The canal allows boats/ships to travel from Europe to Asia without having to go the way around Africa. It was built to go from Egypt to the Indian Ocean.

3- Visit the page of British Lybrary that permit you to read old newspapers, select one, for example, The News of the world, and look for news about colonialism, for example in 1886. Choose one and write a brief comment (summarysing and explaining it).

- News of the world 1,918 December.

http://www.uk.olivesoftware.com/Default/Skins/BL/Client.asp?Skin=BL&enter=true&AppName=2&AW=1299849479850

4- Listen this song, what are they talking about?

The song talks about Colonialism. One person make question for the place what was colonize and the conquering answer the things what he view in this place.

Labour Movement

1- Mention some laws achieved by workers in England improving their work conditions.
The workers make strikes and demonstrations to achieve common goals: 8 hours labor, 8 hours recreation and 8 hours for rest.

2- What happened the first of May?
May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to several public holidays. In many countries, May Day is synonymous with International Workers’ Day, or Labour Day, a day of political demonstrations and celebrations organised by the unions, communists, anarchists, and socialist groups. May Day is also a traditional holiday in many cultures.

May Day can refer to various labour celebrations conducted on May 1 that commemorate the fight for the eight hour day. May Day in this regard is called International Workers’ Day, or Labour Day . The idea for a "workers holiday" began in Australia in 1856; after a Stonemason's victory, April 22nd was "Eight-Hour Day", a public holiday. With the idea having spread around the world, the choice of May 1st became a commemoration by the Second International for the people involved in the 1886 Haymarket affair.

3- Look for information about the suffragettes. Who was Emily Davison?

Suffragette is a term originally coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for members of the late-19th and early-20th century movement for women’s suffrage in the United Kingdom, in particular members of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). However, after former and then active members of the movement began to reclaim the word, the term became a label without negative connotations. It derives from the word "suffrage", meaning the right to vote. They wanted to be involved in the running of the country and they wanted to be treated as equals to men.

Emily Wilding Davison also believed very strongly about suffrage and went to the extremes of killing herself by being trampled by King George V's horse, called Anmer, at the Epsom Derby on June 4, 1913. She died a few days later, on June 8. By the 1920's most women could vote and, in 1970, the fist Swiss woman was voted prime minister.

After reading exercise

- Make a short framework with causes and consequences of:

- Do you find some similarities the two crisis?

Yes, I find one the two crisis had problems with the stock exchenge because the prices rise and down frequently.

Imaxina por Jonh Lennon

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (also known as Second Indochina War or American War in Southest Asia) lasted from 1959 to 1975. It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam . North Vietnam was supported by the USSR, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States with its allies South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zeland and the Philippines. This conflict between communists and pro-American countries was part of the Cold War.

Background and causes

Before World War II, Vietnam was part of the French colony of Indochina. During World War II, the Japanese occupied Indochina. When the French attempted to take back control after the Japanese surrendered, they were opposed by a Vietnamese army called the Vietminh. The Vietminh had been founded in 1941 by the communist party and was led by Hồ Chí Minh. In July 1954, France and the Vietminh signed the Geneva Peace Accord. The Vietminh became the government of North Vietnam while anti-communist Vietnamese, especially Catholics, "regrouped" in the South under the leadership of Bao Dai, a former emperor of Vietnam who had abdicated in 1945.

The United States backed the anti-communist government in South Vietnam. It began to send military advisers to help train and support the South Vietnamese army. The South was fighting the Viet Cong, which began a campaign of assassination in 1957. In 1959, North Vietnam dramatically increased its military assistance to the Vietcong, which then began attacking South Vietnamese military units.

The industrial revolution

Some exercise:
1- Complete this table comparing the first and second industrial revolution:

2- Visit this web-site and find out more about children life in Victoria times, during the industrial revolution:
· Introduction
In Victoria´s times there were big differences in homes, schools, toys and entertainments. No TV, no computers, no central heating, no cars (until the last few years of Victoria's reign). No air travel - unless you went up in a balloon! Many children went to work, not to school. Welcome to the Victorian world. It's time to find out how children (your great-great-great-grandparents perhaps!) lived more than a hundred years ago.
· What jobs did children do?
Children worked on farms, in homes as servants, and in factories. Children often did jobs that required small size and nimble fingers. But they also pushed heavy coal trucks along tunnels in coal mines. Boys went to sea, as boy-sailors, and girls went 'into service' as housemaids. Children worked on city streets, selling things such as flowers, matches and ribbons. Crossing boys swept the roads clean of horse-dung and rubbish left by the horses that pulled carts and carriages
· Where did Victorian children play?
Although many children worked in Victorian times, they still had time to play.
Outdoors, most Victorian children played in the street or in the fields and woods. Not many families had gardens big enough to play in, and there were no children's playgrounds. Rich families had playrooms or nurseries, but poorer children played wherever they could find space. With ten or more children often crammed into one or two rooms, play-space for poor families was a luxury. Playing outside was the usual escape.
· Books for children
Victorian children were often given books with improving moral lessons, about characters with names like Lazy Lawrence and Simple Susan.
3-Watch this video of modern times film, what do you think that Charles Chaplin want to say?
Charles Chaplin wants to say the industrialization move on quickly.

Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Edison's Menlo Park laboratory complex is said to live on in California's "invention factory" at Silicon Valley.
Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and in particular telecommunications. One of the most popular invention was the telegraph operator. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Manhattan Island New York.
Edison´s invents:

Week exercise. Make a graph.

Table 4. Growth of the Cotton Industry in Selected Countries.
The country with more industries of cotton was Great Britain and increase from 1834 to 1913. Great Britain was the country more development at the time. The country with more industries of cotton after Great Britain was Germany. Then Russia started the industries of cotton until 1840. The countries with less cotton industries were France, Austria, Belgium.

Transport and trade

A- Match these means of transport with their advantages and disadvantages:

Now, make the same but in your own language.

B- Make two graphs (pie-chart with excel) with this data:

Describe the nature of the UK’s trade pattern with its main trading partners.

UK export products and import product with other countries. The activity most important activity is the imports. The UK imports surpass a little the export.

Tourism

1- Read this test and answer:


a) Which factors influence Spain´s tourism growth?
-The attractive climate.
-The long coastline.
-The accessibility of Spain to countries in North West Europe.
- The competitive price of Spanish tourism, especially accommodation and dining.
- The distinctive Spanish culture.

b) Which places include the “Costa del Sol”?
- Torremolinos
- Marbella
- Fuengirola
- Malaga

c) Mention some negative consequences of touristic growth?
The rapid growth of tourism has led to many unforeseen developments. For example Torremolinos before 1960 was a small fishing village and a tourist resort for only select tourist. However, the town is very important in the tourism


d) Where they do tourist come from Spain?
Most of travelers come into Spain to visit beaches, especially the south coast. Over 70% of tourists visited one of the six regions, namely the coastal areas and the Mediterranean islands.


1. B – Mark which ideas you think contribute to sustainable tourism:
- Promote equity in the distribution of the coast and benefits of tourism.
- Restrictive entry or pricing in special natural or historical places

Tertiary sector

1-Look for the meaning of:
- Welfare state: a politician system in which a government assumes the primary responsibility for assuring the basic health, education, and financial well-being of all its citizens through programs and direct assistance.
-Trade: It´s the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both.
-Insurance: an arrangement by which a company gives customers financial protection against loss or harm such as theft or illness in return for payment premium.
- Health services:Before the term health care became popular, English-speakers referred to medicine or to the health sector and spoke of the treatment and prevention of illness and disease .
- Household consumption: The household is "the basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption , inheritance, child rearing and shelter are organized and carried out"; [the household] "may or may not be synonymous with family".
- Interest rate: is the price a borrower pays for the use of money they borrow from a lender, for instance a small company might borrow capital from a bank to buy a new assents for their business, and the return a lender receives for deferring the use of funds
-Tertiarysation: structural change and the role of knowledge-based services .
-Motorway: a road designed for fast traffic, typically with three lanes in each direction.
- Pipeline: a pipe or system of pipes designed to carry something such as oil, natural gas, or other petroleum-based product over long distance, often underground.
- Freight: are goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck.
- Leisure: or free time, is a period of time spent out of work and essential domestic activity.
- SPA: (Sales and Purchase Agreement) is a resort with bathing and mineral water
- Resort: is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company.
- Environment: all the external factors influencing the life of people, plants and animals.
- GATT- WTO: (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) was negotiated during the UN Conference on Trade and Employment and was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT was formed in 1947 and lasted until 1994, when it was replaced by the World Trade Organization in 1995. The original GATT text (GATT 1947) is still in effect under the WTO framework, subject to the modifications of GATT 1994.

2- Reading a graph, the pie-chart.

a) What changes are shown in the pie-charts? In the first pie-chart (UK employment in 1920) the sector most important is the secondary, the next is the tertiary and the last is the primary sector. In the second pie-chart (UK employment in 1995) the most important is the tertiary sector and the least important is the primary sector.

b) Give reasons for the changes shown in the two pie-charts? In the first pie-chart the sector with biggest influence was the secondary because the industries have grand importance and the 45% work in this sector. Now the most important sector is the tertiary because it includes more activities than the sector tertiary sector in 1920 and it´s different. Example: the sanitation is better than the sanitation the 1920.

3- Read another graph.

The graph express the transport most cheap depend the distances. In short distance the transport of commodities most cheap is the road. In stocking distance the transport of commodities most cheap is the rail or water. In long-distances the transport of commodities most cheap is the pipeline.

1- Raw materials.

- Read this:

Raw materials are the resources of the environment that are used in the
industry for the manufacturing of processed products.
Raw materials can be:
- Raw materials of animal origin: they come from farming and
fishing, like for example wool, skin, fish, etc.
- Raw materials of vegetal origin: vegetal (agricultural products) or forest
products (wood).
- Raw materials of mineral origin: the minerals are extracted from the
subsoil and they are transformed into metallic minerals (the metals are
extracted from them, like bauxite from which aluminium is obtained),
non-metallic minerals (like salt, sulphur, rocks used in construction...)
and power minerals (which become energy such as coal, oil...)
Mining is the activity which allows the extraction of mineral resources from the
subsoil. The mines are the places where these minerals are extracted and can
be underground mines or open mines.
and then classify:

And explain what raw materials are use to produce:
- Shoes: leather, rubber and different cloths
- Chairs: wool
- Juice: fruit
- Jewels: gold, silver, bronze and other materials
- Keys: with metallic materials
- Thermometers: mercury and glass
- Windows: glass

2- Renawable energy resources.

3- Case study: The three gorges dam. China.

The facts:
. The three gorges Dam will be over 2 km long and 100 m. high
. The lake will be over 600 km long
. Over 1 million people will have to be removed to make way for the dam and the lake.
. The river Yangtze provides 66% of China’s rice and contains 400 million people.
. The Yangtze drains 1.8 million km2 and discharges 700 km3 of water annually.
Advantages
. It will generate up to 18,000 megawatts, eight times more than the Aswan Dam (Egypt) and 50% more than the world’s largest existing HEP dam, the Itapu in Paraguay.
. It will enable China to reduce its dependency on coal.
. It will supply energy to Shangai (population 13 million), one of the world’s largest cities, and Chongqing (population 3 million), an area with high economic growth.
.It will protect 10 million people from flooding (over 300,000 people in China died as a result of flooding in the 1900s)
. It will allow shipping above the Three Gorges (the dams will raise water levels by 90 m.) and turn the rapids in the gorge into a lake.
. It will generate thousands of jobs.
The protests
. Most floods in recent years have come from rivers which join the Yangtze below the three Gorges dam
. The region is seismically active and landslides are frequent
.The dam may become silted up as a result of increased deposition. To reduce silt load afforestation is needed but resettlement of people will cause more pressure on the slopes above the dam.
. Up to 1.2 million people will have to be moved to make way for the dam.
. Most of the available resettlement land is over 800 m. above sea level and is colder and has infertile thin soils.
. Dozens of towns, such as Wanxian and Fuling with 140,000 and 80,000 people respectively, will be flooded.
. Archaeological treasures will be drowned.
. It will take between 15 and 20 years to build and could cost as much as 70 billion dollars.

Explain with your own words, at least four advantages and four disadvantages of the new dam.
Advantages: It produce more energy than the Awan dam (Egypt) and more than the world´s largest existing HEP dam, the Itapu in Paraguay.
-It´s good for reduce no-renewable resources.
-It supplies energy to Shangai and other cities with more population.
-It is generate thousands of jobs.

Disadvantages:
-1, 2 million people they have to go an other place for live
- Dozens of towns such as Wanxian and Fuling will be flooded.
- Archaeological treasures is drowned.
- The dam are very expensive, it cost as much 70 billion dollars.

More pictures of China Three Gorges Dam